Journal: Psychopharmacology

Article Title: Acute administration of leptin produces anxiolytic-like effects: a comparison with fluoxetine

doi: 10.1007/s00213-009-1684-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antidepressant-like effect of acute administration of leptin and fluoxetine. a The tail suspension test (TST) was performed 30 min after i.p. injections of saline (n=18), 0.25 mg/kg leptin (n=9), 1 mg/kg leptin (n=15), or 10 mg/kg fluoxetine (n=14). The animal’s behavior was recorded for 6 min, and immobility time was assessed for the entire period of 6 min. b The forced swim test (FST) was performed 30 min after i.p. administration with saline (n=11), 0.25 mg/kg leptin (n=9), 1 mg/kg leptin (n=9), or 10 mg/kg fluoxetine (n=9). The animal’s behavior was recorded for 6 min, and immobility time was scored during the last 4 min. Data are expressed as the mean±SEM. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, and ***P<0.001 compared with the vehicle-treated control group

Article Snippet: The duration of immobility in TST and FST has been inferred as an index of “behavioral despair” ( Porsolt et al. 1977 ; Steru et al. 1985 ).

Techniques: Suspension, Saline, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Antidepressant effects of ketamine: mechanisms underlying fast-acting novel antidepressants

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00161

Figure Lengend Snippet: Acute effects of ketamine .

Article Snippet: Ma et al., , C57Bl/6J mice (7 wks. old 20 g) , Gutian Pharmaceutical CO. Ltd., Fuijan, China. 10 mg/kg (i.p.) , Ketamine reversed CMS-induced increases in immobility in the FST and TST 48 h post-treatment. Ketamine reversed CMS-induced reductions in sucrose intake in the SPT, 24 h, 4, 6, and 8 days post-treatment. In non-stressed animals ketamine reduced immobility in the TST and FST at 3 and 24 h post-injection , N/A.

Techniques: Injection, Expressing, Activity Assay, Blocking Assay, Knock-In, Produced

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Antidepressant effects of ketamine: mechanisms underlying fast-acting novel antidepressants

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00161

Figure Lengend Snippet: Protracted effects of ketamine .

Article Snippet: Ma et al., , C57Bl/6J mice (7 wks. old 20 g) , Gutian Pharmaceutical CO. Ltd., Fuijan, China. 10 mg/kg (i.p.) , Ketamine reversed CMS-induced increases in immobility in the FST and TST 48 h post-treatment. Ketamine reversed CMS-induced reductions in sucrose intake in the SPT, 24 h, 4, 6, and 8 days post-treatment. In non-stressed animals ketamine reduced immobility in the TST and FST at 3 and 24 h post-injection , N/A.

Techniques: Expressing, Injection, Binding Assay, Blocking Assay, Activation Assay, Activity Assay

Journal: Neuroscience letters

Article Title: The interaction of dietary isoflavones and estradiol replacement on behavior and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the ovariectomized rat

doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.01.011

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of isoflavones and E2 on depressive-like behaviors in the Porsolt FST. E2 replacement decreased depressive-like behaviors only in animals fed a standard diet as shown by A) increased time spent struggling and B) decreased time spent immobile. VEH treated animals displayed A) increased time spent struggling and B) decreased time spent immobile when exposed to an isoflavone-free diet compared to a standard diet indicative of a decrease in depressive-like behaviors. Bars represent mean values ± SEM, n = 6–8 per treatment group. *E2 compared to VEH (p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Removal of isoflavones from diet in VEH treated animals resulted in increased time spent struggling ( p < 0.05) and decreased time spent immobile ( p < 0.05) ( ). fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window caption a7 Effect of isoflavones and E2 on depressive-like behaviors in the Porsolt FST.

Techniques: